Reduksi pencemar limbah cair industri tahu dengan tumbuhan melati air (Echinodorus palaefolius) dalam sistem kombinasi constructed wetland dan filtrasi

Abstract

Tofu industry wastewater contains high organic material which reduces dissolved oxygen, contaminates water, and odor that potentially contaminates and pollutes receiving surface water. Constructed wetland is one of the recently proven efficient technologies for wastewater treatment. This is due to vegetation diversity. Constructed wetland systems have been developed using water jasmine plants combined with filtration systems for the reduction of BOD, TSS, and oil and grease in tofu wastewater as a function of detention time. Detention times were varied at 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 days. The results revealed that the reduction of BOD, TSS, and oil and grease was influenced by detention time. The reduction efficiency of BOD, TSS, and oil and grease decreased with increasing the detention time. The combined system of constructed wetland and filtration using water jasmine plants effectively reduces the pollution parameters in tofu industry wastewater with a reduction efficiency for BOD, TSS, and oil and greasel of 52-95%, 45-67%, and 59-78% respectively with concentration of 97 mg/L, 40 mg/L, and 4.2 mg/L at the detention time of 15 days. This results fulfill the requirement of the liquid waste standard according to the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 5 year 2014.

Abstrak

Limbah cair industri tahu mengandung bahan organik tinggi yang dapat menurunkan oksigen terlarut, mengotori, dan menimbulkan bau menyengat sehingga berpotensi mencemari perairan penerima. Constructed wetland merupakan salah satu teknologi pengolahan limbah cair yang efisien, efektif, dan tepat guna karena menggunakan keragaman vegetasi. Penelitian sistem constructed wetland menggunakan tanaman melati air (Echinodorus palaefolius) yang dikombinasikan dengan sistem filtrasi bertujuan untuk penurunan pencemar BOD, TSS, dan minyak lemak dalam limbah cair industri tahu sebagai pengaruh variasi waktu detensi. Waktu detensi meliputi 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, dan 15 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reduksi pencemar BOD, TSS, dan minyak lemak dipengaruhi oleh waktu detensi. Efisiensi reduksi BOD, TSS, dan minyak lemak meningkat dengan bertambahnya waktu detensi. Sistem kombinasi constructed wetland dan filtrasi menggunakan tumbuhan melati air efektif mereduksi parameter pencemar limbah cair industri tahu dengan efisiensi reduksi untuk BOD, TSS, dan minyak lemak berturut-turut 52-95%, 45-67%, dan 59-78% dengan konsentrasi 97 mg/L, 40 mg/L dan 4,2 mg/L pada waktu detensi 15 hari. Hasil ini mememenuhi baku mutu limbah cair industri tahu sesuai Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No. 5 tahun  2014.