Pengaruh pemlastis dioktil ftalat terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis kulit sintetis
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of dioctyl phtalate (DOP) on physical and mechanical properties of synthetic leather made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The leather was made from emulsion of PVC resin by addition of additives such as dioctyl phtalate (DOP) as plasticizer, BaCd as stabilizer, CaCO3 as filler, and pigment as top coat coloring agent. Syntetic leather was made in four layers, those are polyurethane (PU) coat, top coat, base coat, and twill weave fabric. PU coat was added to give abrasion resistant, high flexibility, and aging resistant. Emboss paper was used to make the surface looked like natural leather. DOP was varied at top coat from 45, 50, 55, 60, until 65 part. The thickness of each layers were: 0.1 mm (PU coat), 0.6 mm (top coat), 0.1 mm (base coat), and 0.3 mm (fabric). Mechanical and physical properties of the synthetic leather such as tensile strength, elongation, resistance to tearing, resistance to peeling, resistance to crocking by rubbing, resistance to printing, resistance to low temperature, and resistance to aging were tested. Synthetic leather with 55 part of DOP was found to give the optimum physical and mechanical properties.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kadar dioktil ftalat (DOP) terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis kulit sintetis berbahan baku polivinil klorida (PVC). Kulit sintetis dibuat dari bahan resin PVC jenis emulsi dengan penambahan bahan aditif DOP sebagai pemlastis, BaCd sebagai penstabil, dan CaCO3 sebagai bahan pengisi, serta pigmen untuk pewarna lapisan atas. Kulit sintetis dibuat dengan 4 lapisan, yaitu lapisan poliuretan (PU), lapisan atas, lapisan dasar, dan kain penguat twill weave. Lapisan PU ditambahkan untuk memberikan sifat tahan abrasi, fleksibilitas tinggi, dan tahan pengusangan. Untuk membuat permukaan menyerupai kulit asli digunakan kertas embos. Pada penelitian ini DOP divariasi jumlah penambahannya pada lapisan atas berturut-turut 45, 50, 55, 60, dan 65 bagian. Ketebalan lapisan PU 0,1 mm, lapisan atas 0,6 mm, lapisan dasar 0,1 mm, dan kain penguat 0,3 mm. Kulit sintetis hasil percobaan diuji sifat-sifat fisis dan mekanisnya meliputi kekuatan tarik, kemuluran, ketahanan sobek, ketahanan rekat, ketahanan luntur warna terhadap gosokan, ketahanan terhadap pelekatan, ketahanan terhadap temperatur rendah, dan ketahanan terhadap pengusangan. Kulit sintetis yang mempunyai sifat fisis dan mekanis yang optimal adalah kulit sintetis yang mengandung DOP 55 bagian pada lapisan atas.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24960/jli.v8i1.3712.17-22
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