Pengaruh Proses Perebusan Terhadap Profil Bobot Molekul  dan Tingkat Alergenisitas Protein pada Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Puji Astuti; Nurheni Sri Palupi; Didah Nur Faridah

doi:10.32765/wartaihp.v39i1.7438

Pengaruh Proses Perebusan Terhadap Profil Bobot Molekul dan Tingkat Alergenisitas Protein pada Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Puji Astuti, Nurheni Sri Palupi, Didah Nur Faridah

Abstract

Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) pada sebagian orang dapat memicu alergi bila dikonsumsi. Dengan pengolahan seperti proses perebusan diharapkan dapat menurunkan sifat alergenitas protein udang tersebut. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh karakterisasi terkait adanya perubahan profil bobot molekul (BM) protein alergen dan tingkat alergenitas udang vaname selama proses perebusan. Metode yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah metode perebusan, ekstraksi, uji kadar protein terlarut dengan metode Bradford, uji profil bobot molekul dengan metode elektoroforesis sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), dan uji alergenisitas dengan metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses perebusan udang vaname pada suhu 100 ^oC selama 10 menit menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan kadar protein terlarut dengan metode Bradford secara signifikan yakni sebesar 95,61%. Profil elektoroforesis SDS-PAGE menunjukkan adanya beberapa pita protein yang hilang selama proses perebusan, dan terdapat juga beberapa pita protein yang diduga sebagai alergen pada udang vaname yang tahan terhadap panas yaitu troponin, tropomiosin dan paramiosin dengan ukuran bobot molekul (BM) berturut-turut adalah 29, 37, dan 103 kDa. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses perebusan terhadap udang vaname pada suhu 100 ^oC selama 10 menit dapat memengaruhi profil BM protein udang vaname, namun belum mampu menurunkan tingkat alergenisitasnya secara signifikan.

Keywords

allergy, ELISA, boiling, shrimp, protein

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.32765/wartaihp.v39i1.7438