KARBON AKTIF DARI ARANG TEMPURUNG KELAPA LIMBAH MESIN BOILER SEBAGAI BAHAN PENYERAP LOGAM Cd, Cu dan Pb
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pembuatan Karbon aktif dari arang tempurung kelapa limbah bahan bakar mesin boiler. Karbon aktif dibuat dengan tahapan dehidrasi pada oven listrik, karbonasi pada tanur listrik di suhu pada suhu 400oC selama 1 jam lalu aktivasi kimia dilakukan dengan merendam arang pada larutan Na2CO3 5% (b/b) selama 24 jam. Kemudian karbon aktif di aktivasi secara fisika pada suhu 600oC selama 1 jam, dihaluskan dan disaring sampai lolos ayakan 28 mesh. Karbon aktif yang diperoleh memenuhi SNI Syarat Mutu Arang Aktif Teknis No. 06-3730-1995 dengan parameter bagian yang hilang pada pemanasan 950oC = 18%, kadar air = 4,4%, kadar abu = 2,6% dan daya serap terhadap I2 = 825 mg/g. Lalu dilakukan uji efektifitas penyerapan karbon aktif terhadap logam Cd, Cu dan Pb dan didapat bahwa peningkatan waktu kontak berbanding lurus dengan efektifitas penyerapan logam dengan rentang waktu kontak 15, 30, 45 dan 60 menit dan peningkatan konsentrasi berbanding terbalik terhadap efektifitas penyerapan logam Cd, Cu dan Pb pada konsentrasi 5, 10, 20 dan 40ppm. Dalam penelitian juga diketahui bahwa efektifitas penyerapan karbon aktif terhadap logam Cd, Cu dan Pb memiliki tingkat yang berbeda.
ABSTRACT
Activated carbon made of coconut shell charcoal from boiler machine waste in desiccated coconut factory has been studied. For the first stage, coconut shell charcoal was dehydrated in electric oven afterward carbonated in electric furnace at 400o C for 1 hour and then chemically activated by soaking the charcoal in Na2CO3 5% (w/w) solutions for 24 hours. For the next stage charcoal was physically activated at 600o C for 1 hour, milled and filtered by 28 mesh sieve. Activated carbon was then examined and the result complied with Indonesian National Standard (SNI) Quality Requirement of Activated Carbon No. 06-3730-1995, loss of ignition at 950oC = 18%, water content =4.4%, ash content = 2.6% and adsorption of I2 = 825 mg/g. Effectivity of activated carbon to adsorb Cd, Cu and Pb metals also tested. As the result, we obtained that adsorbtion effectivity of activated carbon proportional with time (15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes) and inversely proportional with concentration of metals (5, 10, 20, 40 ppm). In this study, we found that activated carbon had different levels of effectivity to adsorb Cd, Cu and Pb metals in mix solution.
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PDF (Indonesian)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.28959/jdpi.v29i2.4005
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