Penelitian Pembuatan Arang Bambu (Bamboo Charcoal) pda Suhu Rendah untuk Produk Kerajinan
Abstract
Abstrak
Proses pengarangan terjadi bila ada suatu benda yang dipanasi sampai mencapai titik bakarnya sehingga benda terlihat membara, kemudian pemasukan oksigen dihentikan atau dibatasi agar benda tersebut tidak terbakar menjadi abu. Untuk melakukan uji coba penelitiaan pengarangan bambu menggunakan 2 jenis tungku, yaitu: tungku Tipe-1 tungku pengarangan suhu rendah (<120°C), dan tungku Tipe-2 tungku pengarangan suhu menengah 120°C -260°C, yang terbuat dari drum dengan Ǿ 35 cm. Bahan bambu yang digunakan terdiri dari 3 jenis bambu, yaitu; bambu cendani, petung, dan legi, dan produk bambu setengan jadi. Prosedur pengerjaan meliputi, penyiapan bahan (pemotongan dan seleksi), pengeringan, pengukuanr kandungan air awal, pengarangan, pengamatan proses pengarangan, dan identifikasi tingkat keberhasilan pengarangan. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi proses pengarangan dan kinerja tungku suhu rendah dan menengah. Dari hasil pengukuran kandungan air awal dari ke 3 jenis bambu yaitu dibawah 15%, sedangkan dari hasil pengamatan dan identifikasi pengarangan, pengarangan dengan menggunakan tungku Tipe-1, temperatur tertinggi rata-rata yang dapat dicapai 107,4 ºC dalam waktu 5 jam, dengan tingkat keberhasilan pengarang antara 60 % - 90 %, atau rata-rata 73 %; dengan tungku Tipe-2, temperatur tertinggi rata-rata yang dapat dicapai 112,8 ºC dalam waktu 3,5 jam, dengan tingkat keberhasilan pengarang antara 50 % - 90 %, atau rata-rata 81 %.
Kata kunci: arang bambu (bamboo charcoal), pengarangan, suhu, tungku pengarangan
ABSTRACT
A charcoal formation process occurs when an object is being heated until it reaches its burning point and smoldered, then the oxygen intake is stopped or restricted, so the object will not get burned into ashes. In this research, there are two tipes of furnaces being used, those are: Furnace Tipe-1, with low temperature (120°C) and Furnace Tipe-2, with medium temperature (120°C 260°C), which are made from barrel with 35 cm of diameters. There are 3 tipes of bamboo used in this research, namely: Cendani, Petung, and Legi Bamboo, also semi-finished bamboo products. The procedures are: material preparation (cutting and selection), drying, and measurement of initial water content, charcoal formation process, observation of the process and success rate identification. The objective of this research is for to know the influence the factor of a charcoal formation process at low and medium temperature From the measurement, the initial water content of those 3 tipes of bamboo is under 15%. Meanwhile, from the observation and identification, it obtained that in the charcoal formation process using Furnace Tipe-1, the average highest temperatures reached is 107,4°C during 5 hours, with success rate between 60% - 90%, or 73 in average. In Furnace Tipe-2, the average highest temperature is 112,8°C during 3,5 hours, with success rate between 50% - 90% or 81% in average.
Keywords: bamboo charcoal (bamboo charcoal), charcoal formation process, temperature, furnace
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Canny, A.H. 2005. Menembus Pasar Internasional Eropa: Furnitur, Deputi Bidang Pemasaran dan Jaringan Usaha, Makalah dalam presentasi Menenbus Pasar Ekspor,.SMESCO, Jakarta.
BPS. 2004. Potensi iHutan Rakyat Indonesia, Kerja sama Pusat Inventarisasi dan Statistik Kehutanan, Departemen Kehutanan dengan Direktorat Statistik Pertanian, Badan Pusat Staistik Jakarta, Jakarta.
Chen,Y. 2008. Structure and Properties of Bamboo Timber, Utilization of Bamboo, Training Course on Bamboo Technologies for Developing Countries, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou China.
Suheryanto, D. 2004. Buku Pegangan Pengetahuan Bahan Bambu, Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Industri Kerajinan dan Batik, Yogyakarta.
Ding, Y. 2008. General Biological Characters of Bamboo, Nanjing Forestry University, Cultivation of Bamboo, Training Course on Bamboo Technologies for Developing Countries, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou China
Fu M. 2007. Sustainable Management and Utilization of Sympodial Bamboos, China Forestry Publishing, China.
Jiang, S. 2004. Training Manual of Bamboo Charcoal for Producers and Consumers, Bamboo Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Forestry University, China.
Junji Takano, 2010) ,”Bamboo Charcoal Making Using Drum Or Oil Can”, Google, down-load, 4 Agustus 2010, 8:50 am).
Takano,J, How to Make Bamboo Charcoal in Simply Way, http://www.pyroenergen. com/how-to-make-bamboo-charcoal. htm, diakses pada tanggal 4 Agustus 2010, jam 8:50 am
Liu, Z. 2008. Bamboo Daily Product, Zhejiang Forest College, Utilization of Bamboo, Training Course on Bamboo Technologies for Developing Countries, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou China.
Ma, N. 2008. Biodiversity of Bamboo, Ex situ Conservation of Bamboo and How to Construct a Bamboo Garden, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Cultivation of Bamboo, Training Course on Bamboo Technologies for Developing Countries, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou China.
Maoyi, F, Yang Xiasheng, dan Jiang Shenxue. 2007. Technical Manual on Utilization of Sympodial Bamboos, China Forestry Publishing House, China
NN. 2010. Making Bamboo Charcoal, http://www.blacktonature.com/index. php?route=guide/guide&guide_id=13 diakses pada tanggal 21 September 2010, jam 08:49
Haryanto, T., dan Dwi Suheryanto. 2004. Pemanfaatan Sampah Kota (Biomasa) Menjadi Bahan Bakar Arang Briket, Makalah disampaikan pada Seminar Nasional Rekaya Kimia dan Proses, Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro, 21-22 Juli, Semarang.
Zang, W. 2008. Process and Properties of Bamboo Charcoal, Zhejiang Forest College, Utilization of Bamboo, Training Course on Bamboo Technologies for Developing Countries, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou China.
Zhou, F.C. 2008. Theory and Technology of China’s Moso Bamboo Cultivation, Training Course on Bamboo Technologies for Developing Countries, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou China.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22322/dkb.v32i2.1032
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2012 Dwi Suheryanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Dinamika Kerajinan dan Batik : Majalah Ilmiah indexeed by :
