PENGARUH AKTIVASI FISIKA DAN KIMIA ARANG AKTIF BUAH BINTARO TERHADAP DAYA SERAP LOGAM BERAT KROM
Abstract
Cerbera odollam Gaertn. activated carbon was derived from mangrove plant which is poisonous and planted as shade tree. The morphology of Cerbera odollam Gaertn. fruit is similar with coconut shell and the contains of lignin and cellulose is higher than coconut. Cerbera odollam Gaertn. fruit was dried, cut and carbonized at 300 oC, 400 oC and 500oC. Then Cerbera odollam Gaertn. carbon was activated by physical steam activation and chemical activation, using H3PO4 (5% & 10%) and KOH (5% & 10%), at activation temperature 650oC and activation time 60 and 90 minutes. Proksimat analysis of Cerbera odollam Gaertn. carbon was carried out to determine moisture, volatile content, fly ash, fix carbon, ash content and iod adsorption, total chromium by using AAS. The result showed that activated carbon derived from Cerbera odollam Gaertn. fruit which was activated by KOH 5% at 60 minutes improved the chromium adsorption for about 99.474%.
Keywords: activated carbon, adsorption, Cerbera odollam Gaertn., chromium, physical and chemical activation
ABSTRAK
Arang aktif buah bintaro (Cerbera odollam Gaertn.) berasal dari tumbuhan mangrove bintaro yang beracun dan banyak ditanam sebagai pohon peneduh kota. Bentuk buah bintaro menyerupai serabut kelapa dan memiliki kandungan lignin dan selulosa yang melebihi tanaman kelapa. Buah bintaro dikeringkan, dipotong dan dikarbonisasi pada temperatur 300 oC, 400oC dan 500oC serta diaktivasi secara fisika menggunakan uap air dan secara kimia mengunakan H3PO4 (5% & 10%) dan KOH (5% & 10%) pada temperatur 650oC dengan waktu aktivasi 60 dan 90 menit. Analisis proksimat yang meliputi kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat mudah menguap, kadar karbon terikat dan daya serap iod serta uji kadar krom total dengan menggunakan AAS. Adsorpsi krom dilakukan dengan penambahan asam sulfat 4 N hingga pH 4 sebelum diolah dengan arang aktif buah bintaro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan arang yang diaktivasi dengan KOH 5% dan waktu 60 menit mampu menghilangkan kadar kromium sebesar 99,474%.
Kata kunci: adsorpsi, aktivasi fisika dan kimia, arang aktif, buah bintaro, krom
Keywords
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36974/jbi.v7i1.689
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