PENGARUH PERBEDAAN PELARUT TERHADAP KADAR FENOL TOTAL DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK GADUNG  (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.)

Susanti Susanti; Ristina Siti Sundari; Lina Rahmawati Rizkuloh; Richa Mardianingrum

doi:10.36974/jbi.v12i1.6482

PENGARUH PERBEDAAN PELARUT TERHADAP KADAR FENOL TOTAL DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK GADUNG (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.)

Susanti Susanti, Ristina Siti Sundari, Lina Rahmawati Rizkuloh, Richa Mardianingrum

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Gadung tuber (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) are known to have phenolic compound which has potential as antioxydant agent. From previous study, the extraction of phenolic compounds from gadung tuber was carried out by maceration using methanol and this has never been done using other polar solvents such as ethanol and water. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of maceration solvents on total phenol content and antioxidant activity of gadung tuber. Extraction was carried out by maceration technique using 3 types of polar solvents, methanol 90%, ethanol 96% and water. Analysis of total phenol content of the extract was carried out using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer based on the reduction reaction of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The results showed that the methanol extract had the highest total phenol content of 2.782 ± 0.389 g GAE/100 g with the lowest IC₅₀ value of 13.399 ppm. The ethanol extract and water extract had the total phenol content 1.963 ± 0.134 g GAE/100 g and 2.018 ± 0.015 g GAE/100 g, respectively, while the IC₅₀ value of etanol extract and water extract were 26.706 ppm dan 18.605 ppm. All extracts in this study had a very strong antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value less than 50 ppm.

Keywords: antioxidant, extraction, phenol, gadung

ABSTRAK

Umbi gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) telah diketahui memiliki senyawa fenol yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Ekstraksi senyawa fenol dari umbi gadung pada penelitian terdahulu dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol, namun belum pernah dilakukan dengan menggunakan pelarut polar lain seperti etanol dan air. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan pelarut maserasi terhadap kadar fenol total dan aktivitas antioksidan umbi gadung. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan teknik maserasi menggunakan 3 jenis pelarut polar yaitu metanol 90%, etanol 96% dan air. Analisis kadar fenol total ekstrak dilakukan dengan spektrofotometer UV-VIS berdasarkan reaksi reduksi pereaksi Folin-Ciocalteu dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol memiliki kadar fenol total tertinggi sebanyak 2,782 ± 0,389 g GAE/100 g dengan nilai IC₅₀ terendah yaitu 13,399 ppm. Kadar fenol total ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak air masing-masing adalah 1,963 ± 0,134 g GAE/100 g dan 2,018 ± 0,015 g GAE/100 g, sedangkan untuk nilai IC₅₀ untuk ekstral etanol dan ekstrak air masing-masing adalah 26,706 ppm dan 18,605 ppm. Semua ekstrak pada penelitian ini memiliki aktivitas antioksidan kategori sangat kuat dengan nilai IC₅₀ kurang dari 50 ppm.

Kata kunci: antioksidan, ekstraksi, fenol, gadung

Keywords

antioxidant; extraction; phenol; gadung

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36974/jbi.v12i1.6482