STUDI POLA KONSUMSI TEH DI INDONESIA UNTUK MENDUKUNG DIVERSIFIKASI PRODUK YANG BERKELANJUTAN (A Study of Tea Consumption Pattern in Indonesia Toward Sustainable Product Diversification)

Hafiizh Prasetia; Arief Ameir Rahman Setiawan; Teuku Beuna Bardant; . Muryanto; Ahmad Randy; Muthia Syafika Haq; Adhi Irianto Mastur; Sugeng Harianto; Nova Annisa; Anny Sulaswatty

doi:10.36974/jbi.v11i2.6249

STUDI POLA KONSUMSI TEH DI INDONESIA UNTUK MENDUKUNG DIVERSIFIKASI PRODUK YANG BERKELANJUTAN (A Study of Tea Consumption Pattern in Indonesia Toward Sustainable Product Diversification)

Hafiizh Prasetia, Arief Ameir Rahman Setiawan, Teuku Beuna Bardant, . Muryanto, Ahmad Randy, Muthia Syafika Haq, Adhi Irianto Mastur, Sugeng Harianto, Nova Annisa, Anny Sulaswatty

Abstract

Research to explore consumer perspective toward tea product requirements has been being emphasized around the globe, as well as the advancing variety of consumer demand and market competitiveness. Particularly in Indonesia, broader market needs and government relevant policies toward environmental consideration made these issues also need to be significantly addressed. This study aimed to analyze tea in consumption patterns Indonesia to support diversified sustainable products. The research design was conducted using survey method. A questionnaire was developed using structured interviews, with the number of respondents as many as 188 people. This survey was accommodating general type of tea such as green tea, white tea, black tea, etc. The result showed that respondents’ preferences toward tea belong to tea bags the most, with percentage 57.45%, powdered tea 28.19% and ready to drink tea 14.36%. Respondents age of 31-40 years old most widely consumed tea everyday (1.90 cup.day^-1). As many as 78.19% of respondents were chose to consumed plain tea, followed by milk added tea 12.23% and creamer added tea 9.57%. Further analysis using the Likelihood Ratio Test showed that age, gender and occupation factors were not a significant factor in the variety of tea types. To support the sustainable tea industry consumer behavior is also very important to be studied because consumers usually ask for high production standards but with a cheap cost.

Keywords: consumption pattern, preference, product diversification, sustainable industry, tea

ABSTRAK

Penelitian mengenai eksplorasi perspektif konsumen terhadap persyaratan produk teh telah menjadi perhatian dunia, seiring dengan meningkatnya permintaan konsumen dan daya saing pasar. Khususnya di Indonesia, kebutuhan pasar yang lebih luas dan kebijakan pemerintah yang relevan terhadap pertimbangan lingkungan membuat masalah ini juga perlu ditangani secara signifikan. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisis pola konsumsi teh di Indonesia untuk mendukung diversifikasi produk yang berkelanjutan. Desain penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode survei. Kuesioner dikembangkan menggunakan wawancara terstruktur, dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 188 orang. Survei ini mengakomodasi teh secara umum, seperti teh hijau, teh putih, teh hitam, dan lain-lain . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan preferensi responden terhadap teh yang paling dominan adalah jenis teh celup (57,45%), teh serbuk (28,19%) dan teh siap minum (14,36%). Responden dengan usia 31-40 tahun paling banyak menkonsumsi teh setiap hari (1,90 gelas.hari^-1). Sebanyak 78,19% responden memilih konsumsi teh tawar setiap hari, diikuti oleh teh dengan susu 12,23% dan teh dengan krimer 9,57%. Hasil analisis lebih lanjut menggunakan Likelihood Ratio Test, didapatkan bahwa antara variabel usia, jenis kelamin dan pekerjaan tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dalam pemilihan jenis teh.

Kata kunci: diversifikasi produk, industri berkelanjutan, pola konsumsi, preferensi, teh

Keywords

Consumption Pattern, Preference, Product Diversification, Sustainable Industry, Tea

Full Text:

PDF

References

An, R., & Shi, Y. (2017). Consumption of coffee and tea with add-ins in relation to daily energy, sugar, and fat intake in US adults, 2001–2012. Public Health, 146, 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2016.12.032

Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2011). Minuman teh dalam kemasan-SNI 3143:2011. Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional

Bardant, T. B., Haq, M. S., Setiawan, A. A. R., Harianto, S., Waluyo, J., Mastur, A. I., Lestari, A. D., Sujarwo, Sulaswatty, A., & Wiloso, E. I. (2018a). The renewability indicator and cumulative degree of perfection for gamboeng tea; Part.1, exergy calculation of fresh tea leaf. E3S Web of Conferences, 74, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187407003

Bardant, T. B., Haq, M. S., Setiawan, A. A. R., Harianto, S., Waluyo, J., Mastur, A. I., Lestari, A. D., Sujarwo, Sulaswatty, A., & Wiloso, E. I. (2018b). The renewability indicator and cumulative degree of perfection for gamboeng tea; Part.1, exergy calculation of fresh tea leaf. E3S Web of Conferences, 74(December), 79–89. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187407003

Chen, I. ., Liu, C. Y., Chiu, J. P., & Hsu, C. H. (2016). Therapeutic effect of high-dose green tea extract on weight reduction: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 35(3), 592–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2015.05.

Coimbra, S., Santos-Silva, A., Rocha-Pereira, P., Rocha, S., & Castro, E. (2006). Green tea consumption improves plasma lipid profiles in adults. Nutrition Research, 26(11), 604–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2006.09.014

Cooper, R. (2012). Green tea and theanine: Health benefits. International Journal of Food Sciences & Nutrition, 63(1), 90–97

Dewi, F. I., Faisal, A., & Leily, A. (2009). Persepsi terhadap konsumsi kopi dan teh mahasiswa TPB-IPB tahun ajaran 2007-2008. Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan, 4(1), 20 – 28

Dutta, D., & Mohanakumar, K. P. (2015). Tea and Parkinson’s disease: Constituents of tea synergize with antiparkinsonian drugs to provide better therapeutic benefits. Neurochemistry International, 89, 181–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2015.08.005

Endang, S. (2010). Program konversi minyak tanah ke LPG sebagai suatu tehnik pengurangan emisi. Jrl, 6(2), 215–221

Euromonitor. (2014). Packaged food: Euromonitor from trade sources/national statistics. England: Euromonitor International. http://www.euromonitor.com

Euromonitor Research. (2017). Ranked: top 15 tea-drinking countries. England: Euromonitor International. https://blog.euromonitor.com/ranked-top-15-tea-drinking-countries/%0A

Eveline, R. (1997). Kajian Produk Olahan Teh di Indonesia. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor

FAO. (2003). FAOSTAT Database. USA: FAO United Nations. faostat.fao.org/site/368/default.aspx#ancor

FAO United Nations. (2018). Current Market Situation and Medium Term Outlook for tea to 2027. USA: FAO United Nations

Fernández, P. L., Martin, M. J., González, A. G., & Pablos, F. (2000). HPLC determination of catechins and caffeine in tea. Differentiation of green, black and instant teas. Analyst, 125(3), 421–425. https://doi.org/10.1039/a909219f

Ghozali, I. (2013). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program IBM SPSS 23, Edisi 1. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro

Grimsrud, D. T. (1991). Indoor air quality toward the year 2000. “energy and the environment in the 21th century.” Proceeding of Conference Held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 26–28. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Gudono. (2012). Analisis Data Multivariate, Edisi 2. Yogyakarta: BPFE

Hakim, I. A., Weisgerber, U. M., Harris, R. B., Balentine, D., Van-Mierlo, C. A. J., & Paetau-Robinson, I. (2000). Preparation, composition and consumption patterns of tea-based beverages in Arizona. Nutrition Research, 20(12), 1715–1724. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(00)00275-X

International Tea Committee. (2019). Annual Bulletin of Statistics. London: International Tea Comittee (ITC)

Kompas. (2020, June 10). Teh minuman kebersamaan. https://jelajah.kompas.id/ekspedisi-teh-nusantara/baca/teh-minuman-kebersamaan/

Liu, K., Liang, X., & Kuang, W. (2011). Tea consumption maybe an effective active treatment for adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Medical Hypotheses, 76(4), 461–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2010.08.049

MARS Indonesia. (2015). Survei konsumsi teh di indonesia. http://www.marsindonesia.com

Martin, C. C. G. S. (2014). Potential of compost tea for suppressing plant diseases. 032. https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR20149032

Morales-corts, M. R., Pérez-sánchez, R., & Gómez-sánchez, M. Á. (2018). Soils and Plant Nutrition | Research Article Efficiency of garden waste compost teas on tomato growth and its suppressiveness against soilborne pathogens. October, 400–409

Morissan. (2014). Metode Penelitian Survey. Jakarta: Kencana Prenadamedia Group

Mottershead, B., & Woods, L. (2003). Food Technology. Oxford: Heinemann Educational Publishers

Munday, R. (2016). Tea: Health Effects Encyclopedia of Food and Health. Oxford: Academic Press

Peluso, I., & Serafini, M. (2017). Antioxidants from black and green tea: from dietary modulation of oxidative stress to pharmacological mechanisms. British Journal of Pharmacology, 174(11), 1195–1208. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.13649

Pham, N. M., Nanri, A., Kochi, T., Kuwahara, K., Tsuruoka, H., Kurotani, K., Akter, S., Kabe, I., Sato, M., Hayabuchi, H., & Mizoue, T. (2014). Coffee and green tea consumption is associated with insulin resistance in japanese adults. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 63(3), 400–408.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2013.11.008

Potter, N. N. (1978). Food Science. USA: AVI Publishing Company

Prasetia, H., Ariffin, A.W.Muhaimin, & Soemarno. (2016). The business feasibility of smallholder’s oil palm plantation in Seruyan regency, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 7(10), 105–109. https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1005025358

Schramm, L. (2013). Going green: the role of the green tea component egcg in chemoprevention. Journal of Carcinogenesis & Mutagenesis, 4(142). https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-2518.1000142

Sekaran, U. (2006). Metode Penelitian untuk Bisnis. Jakarta: Salemba Empat

Setiawan, A. A. R., Sulaswatty, A., Haq, M. S., Utomo, T. H. A., Randy, A., Arutanti, O., Agustian, E., Wiloso, E. I., & Haryono, A. (2019). A study on ecolabeling and life cycle assessment for food products in indonesia: potential application to improve the competitiveness of the tea industry. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 277(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/277/1/012026

Shahidi, F., & Ambigaipalan, P. (2015). Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: antioxidant activity and health effects – a review. Journal of Functional Foods, 18, 820–897. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.018

Singarimbun, M., & Effendi., S. (2006). Metode Penelitian Survei. Jakarta: LP3ES

Smith, C. (2018, May). Tea Market Is Expected To Reach US$ 37.3 Bn By 2025: Health Awareness Among People To Fuel The Market Growth - Credence Research. Industry Today. https://industrytoday.co.uk/health_and_safety/tea-market-is-expected-to-reach-us--37-3-bn-by-2025--health-awareness-among-people-to-fuel-the-market-growth---credence-research

Soheili-Fard, F., Kouchaki-Penchah, H., Ghasemi Nejad Raini, M., & Chen, G. (2018). Cradle to grave environmental-economic analysis of tea life cycle in Iran. Journal of Cleaner Production, 196, 953–960. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.083

Spillane, J. J. (1992). Komoditi Teh Peranannya dalam Perekonomian Indonesia, Edisi Kesatu. California: Kanisius

Stote, K. S., & Baer, D. J. (2008). Tea consumption may improve biomarkers of insulin sensitivity and risk factors for diabetes. The Journal of Nutrition, 138(8), 1584S-1588S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/138.8.1584s

Sumarwan, U. (2014). Perilaku Konsumen. Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia

Supriyasih. (2000). Analisis Pengendalian Persediaan Bahan Baku Teh Botol : Studi Kasus pada PT Sinar Sosro Jakarta. Bogor: IPB

Usman, H., & Akbar, P. S. (2014). Metodologi Penelitian Sosial. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara

Xiang, L. P., Wang, A., Ye, J. H., Zheng, X. Q., Polito, C. A., Lu, J. L., Li, Q. S., & Liang, Y. R. (2016). suppressive effects of tea catechins on breast cancer. Nutrients, 8(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8080458

Yang, C. S., & Wang, H. (2016). Cancer preventive activities of tea catechins. Molecules, 21(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21121679

Zhao, L. G., Li, H. L., Sun, J. W., Yang, Y., Ma, X., Shu, X. O., Zheng, W., & Xiang, Y. B. (2017). Green tea consumption and cause-specific mortality: Results from two prospective cohort studies in China. Journal of Epidemiology, 27(1), 36–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.je.2016.08.004

Zulganef. (2008). Metode Penelitian Sosial dan Bisnis. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36974/jbi.v11i2.6249