PENGARUH JENIS BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT DAN LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP MUTU TEPUNG PISANG TANDUK (Musa corniculata) (Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermentation Time on Quality of Tanduk Banana (Musa corniculata) Flour)
Abstract
Modification of banana flour by fermentation could change its quality. Fermentation of the whole banana could increase mineral content of banana flour. This research aimed to know the effect of the type of lactic acid bacteria and fermentation time on quality of whole tanduk banana flour. This research used completely randomized design with the treatments were control (without fermentation), spontaneous fermentation, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum for 24 and 48 hours. The result showed that fermentation by L. bulgaricus for 24 hours was optimum based on the number of lactic acid bacteria colony, pH and lactic acid contain. Modification of whole banana flour significantly increased the value of red/ green “a”color, but decreased ash content, protein and minerals compared to native banana flour. It also significantly increased amylose content in fermentation using L. bulgaricus. The solubility of modified banana flour was decreased, while the water absorption capacity was significantly increased compared to native flour. Pasting properties of modified flour using L. casei for 24 hours were significantly increased for the peak viscosity, breakdown, final viscosity, and setback, however the values of peak time and pasting temperature were reduced. This mean that the modification of whole banana flour has the potential to changed the characterictic of physicochemical, functional properties, and pasting properties of banana flour.
Keywords: fermentation, lactic acid bacteria, modified banana flour, tanduk banana
ABSTRAK
Modifikasi melalui proses fermentasi dapat merubah mutu tepung. Penggunaan pisang tanpa dikupas kulitnya dalam pembuatan tepung pisang dapat meningkatkan kandungan mineral. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis bakteri asam laktat (BAL) dan lama fermentasi pada mutu tepung pisang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan kontrol (tanpa fermentasi), fermentasi spontan, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum masing-masing selama 24 dan 48 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proses fermentasi yang berlangsung dengan L. bulgaricus 24 jam memiliki total BAL, pH dan asam laktat yang optimum. Modifikasi tepung pisang utuh berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan nilai warna merah/ hijau “a”, penurunan kadar abu, protein dan mineral jika dibandingkan dengan tepung pisang alami. Peningkatan kadar amilosa signifikan pada fermentasi L. bulgaricus. Kelarutan tepung pisang modifikasi menurun, sedangkan kapasitas penyerapan airnya meningkat nyata dibanding dengan tepung pisang alami. Profil gelatinisasi tepung modifikasi pada perlakuan fermentasi L. casei 24 jam dapat secara signifikan meningkatkan viskositas puncak, viskositas breakdown, viskositas akhir dan viskositas setback secara signifikan mampu menurunkan waktu puncak dan suhu pasting. Hal ini berarti bahwa modifikasi tepung pisang dengan kulit berpotensi untuk merubah karakteristik fisikokimia, sifat fungsional, dan karakteristik pasting dari tepung.
Kata kunci: bakteri asam laktat, fermentasi, pisang tanduk, tepung pisang modifikasi
Keywords
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36974/jbi.v11i1.5355
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