KARAKTERISASI KOLAGEN GELEMBUNG RENANG TUNA SIRIP KUNING (Thunnus albacares) DARI PERAIRAN MALUKU MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAKSI ASAM (Collagen Characterization from Swim Bladder of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) from Maluku using Acid Extraction)
Abstract
Swim bladders is part of byproduct from fish processing industry that contain high collagen protein. One effort to increase the added value of swim bladders is to process them into collagen extracts. The swim bladders was derived from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) as the dominant catch in Maluku. This research aimed to determine the characteristics of collagen extracts from the waste of swim bladders of yellowfin tuna which included proportion, chemical composition, amino acids and molecular weight. Swim bladders were extracted using 0.5 M and 0.75 M acetic acid. Waste swim bladders of yellowfin tuna has 0.35% of fish weights with 20.27% protein content. The acid extraction yielded collagen that identified as type I collagen with molecular weight between 130-145 kDa. Collagen extraction from swim bladders of yellowfin tuna gave best result using 0.5 M acetic acid which contains 456.40 mg/g proline, glycine 1175.05 mg/g and alanine 338.66 mg/g.
Keywords: acetic acid, collagen, swim bladder, yellowfin tuna
ABSTRAK
Gelembung renang merupakan bagian dari limbah hasil samping industri pengolahan ikan yang mengandung protein kolagen tinggi. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah pada gelembung renang adalah dengan mengolahnya menjadi ekstrak kolagen. Gelembung renang yang diteliti berasal dari ikan tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) sebagai hasil tangkapan dominan di Maluku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik ekstrak kolagen dari limbah gelembung renang ikan tuna sirip kuning yang meliputi proporsi, komposisi kimia, asam amino dan berat molekul. Gelembung renang diekstraksi menggunakan asam asetat 0,5 M dan 0,75 M. Limbah gelembung renang ikan tuna sirip kuning memiliki proporsi 0,35% dari seluruh bobot ikan dengan kandungan protein 20,27%. Proses ekstraksi asam menghasilkan kolagen yang teridentifikasi sebagai kolagen tipe I dengan berat molekul antara 130-145 kDa. Ekstraksi kolagen dari gelembung renang ikan tuna sirip kuning memberikan hasil terbaik pada ekstraksi menggunakan asam asetat 0,5 M dimana kandungan prolin 456,40 mg/g, glisin 1175,05 mg/g dan alanin 338,66 mg/g.
Kata kunci: asam asetat, gelembung renang, ikan tuna sirip kuning, kolagen
Keywords
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36974/jbi.v9i2.4020
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